I want my children to understand the world, but not just because the world is fascinating and the human mind is curious. I want them to understand it so that they will be positioned to make it a better place.
Howard Gardner
Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences - the notion that there is more to intelligence than IQ - had a substantial influence on educational practice.
Starting from a feeling that traditional views of intelligence (especially the measurement of IQ) were neglecting the arts completely, Howard Gardner started working on an alternative intelligence theory, he made public in his book "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences" in 1983. Starting from seven different intelligences based on psychological, anthropological, and medical evidence, he later added an eighth intelligence:
Linguistic Intelligence
Favourite Activities: writing and reading, listening and speaking Professions: poet, journalist |
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Musical Intelligence
Favourite Activities: play and listen to music Professions: composer, instrumentalist |
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Logic-mathematical Intelligence
Favourite Activities: putting things in order, solving of logical problems, programming a computer Professions: mathematician, scientist |
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Spatial Intelligence
Favourite Activities: drawing, taking things apart, playing of games Professions: navigator, sculptor |
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Bodily-kinaesthetic Intelligence
Favourite Activities: dancing, acting, doing crafts (e.g. carving, sewing) Professions: dancer, athlete |
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Intrapersonal Intelligence
Favourite Activities: dreaming, thinking about thinking (metacognition) Profession: - (accurate, detailed self knowledge) |
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Interpersonal Intelligence
Favourite Activities: understanding and influencing other people Professions: therapist, salesman |
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Naturalistic Intelligence
Favourite Activities: observing and experiencing nature, gardening, cooking Professions: biologist, zoologist |
Today Gardner's approach is used in many schools to differentiate for learning styles and interests.
Back to the Index "What do you know about Gifted Education?"
Please address any suggestions, critic, and questions to mattgig@freesurf.ch.
Matthias
Giger, April 2006 (Update: 26-04-2006)
www.gigers.com