Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

 I want my children to understand the world, but not just because the world is fascinating and the human mind is curious. I want them to understand it so that they will be positioned to make it a better place. 

Howard Gardner

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences - the notion that there is more to intelligence than IQ - had a substantial influence on educational practice.

Starting from a feeling that traditional views of intelligence (especially the measurement of IQ) were neglecting the arts completely, Howard Gardner started working on an alternative intelligence theory, he made public in his book "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences" in 1983. Starting from seven different intelligences based on psychological, anthropological, and medical evidence, he later added an eighth intelligence:


linguistic intelligence

Linguistic Intelligence

  • sensitivity to the sounds, rhythms, and meanings of words
  • sensitivity to the different functions of language

Favourite Activities: writing and reading, listening and speaking

Professions: poet, journalist

musical intelligence

Musical Intelligence

  • abilities to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch, and timber
  • appreciation of the forms of musical expressiveness

Favourite Activities: play and listen to music

Professions: composer, instrumentalist

logical-mathematical intelligence

Logic-mathematical Intelligence

  • sensitivity to, and capacity to discern, logical or numerical patterns
  • ability to handle long chains of reasoning

Favourite Activities: putting things in order, solving of logical problems, programming a computer

Professions: mathematician, scientist

spatial intelligence

Spatial Intelligence

  • capacity to perceive the visual-spatial world accurately
  • capacity to perform transformations on one's initial perceptions

Favourite Activities: drawing, taking things apart, playing of games

Professions: navigator, sculptor

bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

Bodily-kinaesthetic Intelligence

  • abilities to control one's body movements
  • ability to handle objects skilfully

Favourite Activities: dancing, acting, doing crafts (e.g. carving, sewing)

Professions: dancer, athlete

intrapersonal intelligence

Intrapersonal Intelligence

  • access to one's own feelings and ability to discriminate among them and draw upon them to guide behaviour
  • knowledge of one's own strengths, weaknesses, desires, and intelligences

Favourite Activities: dreaming, thinking about thinking (metacognition)

Profession: - (accurate, detailed self knowledge)

interpersonal intelligence

Interpersonal Intelligence

  • capacity to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people

Favourite Activities: understanding and influencing other people

Professions: therapist, salesman

naturalistic intelligence

Naturalistic Intelligence

  • ability to recognize and classify minerals, plants, and animals

Favourite Activities: observing and experiencing nature, gardening, cooking

Professions: biologist, zoologist

Today Gardner's approach is used in many schools to differentiate for learning styles and interests.

Further Information

Sources

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Matthias Giger, April 2006 (Update: 26-04-2006)
www.gigers.com